John Maynard Keynes went down in history, which is not frequent for an economist, because the remedies he had proposed during the great 1929 crisis had allowed Roosevelt to making the United States exiting from the deep depression which after extended itself to Europe. But it was not his first masterstroke. He had been the only one to denounce the economic risks the Versailles Treaty was carrying due to the extent he thought excessive of the reparations imposed to Germany. He, then, left the British delegation. History gave him he was right. The crisis which resulted from the consequences has ...

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When you want to bury a file or when you want people to believe you are working to solve a problem you create a committee, it is a real French tradition. It is precisely what the government has just done about public indebtedness. Its composition is revealing: it will bring together former ministers who have contributed to increase it when they were in the government and economists who have not stopped to denounce the phenomenon and to make alarmist forecasts which revealed themselves wrong both about the cost of the debt, of the solvability of economic agents or the ability ...

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The confirmation of a strict lockdown “at least” until December 1^st announced by the Prime minister is confirming that the covid-19 pandemic is far from being under control. To the contrary, it has known from the end of the summer an important rebound with a rapid rise of the number of contaminated persons and hospital admissions. The number of sick people under reanimation has reached a level which is near the peak attained during the first wave in April. The pandemic had provoked an unprecedented recession of the French economy during the second quarter. The return to an almost ...

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